Overview of Emerging Technologies.- Economics of New Surgical Technologies.- The Scientific, Social, and Ethical Implications of Disruptive Technologies.- Education and Training.- The World Virtual University and the Internet: Virtual Reality: Objective Assessment, Education, and Training.- Organizing Surgical Simulation Centers in Response to Disruptive Technologies.- Ideal VR systems: Is There a \"Holy Grail\" in Simulation System Land?.- The Medical Informatics Challenge in Surgery.- Robotics and Novel Surgical Approaches.- Robotics in General Surgery: Today and Tomorrow.- Evolving Endoluminal Therapies.- Innovations in Surgical Instruments.- Microtechnology in Surgical Devices.- Innovative Instruments in Endoscopic Surgery.- New Hemostatic Dissecting Forceps with a Metal Membrane Heating Element.- Radiofrequency and Hepatic Tumors.- Technological Innovations in Kidney and Liver Living-Donor-Related Transplantation.- Bioengineering.- Tissue Engineering.- Beyond the Future.- Adapting to Future Technologies.