Embryology and Anatomy.- Normal Growth of the Spine and Thorax.- Biomechanics in the Growing Spine.- Genetics.- New Classification System.- Clinical Evaluation.- Normal Lung growth and Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome.- Imaging of The Growing Spine.- Back Pain in Children.- Pediatric Spinal Infections.- PostOp Infections.- Management of Spine Tumors in Young Children.- Intraspinal Pathology.- Pediatric Spine Trauma.- Sports and Sports Related Injuries .- Spinal Deformity in Metabolic Disorders.- Spinal Manifestations of the Skeletal Dysplasias.- Syndromic Spinal Deformities in the Growing Child.- Idiopathic Scoliosis: Infantile and Juvenile .- Congenital Scoliosis.- Treatment of Spinal Deformity in Cerebral Palsy.- Myelodsplasia.- Spinal Dysraphism.- Other Neuromuscular Diseases.- Neurofibromatosis.- Sagittal Plane Alignment and Deformities.- Spondylolisthesis.- Casting for Early Onset Scoliosis.- Orthotic Management for (I-EOS) Infantile and Juvenile Scoliosis.- Halo-Gravity Traction.- Crankshaft Phenomena Following Spinal Fusion in the Growing Child.- Convex Growth Arrest for Congenital Scoliosis.- Surgical management of Kyphosis in Myelomeningocele.- Hemivertebrectomy.- Vertebral Osteotomy.- Vertebral Resection.- Growing Rods.- VEPTR Expansion Thoracoplasty.- Revision Spine Surgery in the Growing Child.- Anesthetic Considerations In the growing children and repetitive anesthesia.- Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Corrective Spine Surgery in the Growing Child.- Nursing Care .- Long- Term Effects of Instrumented Fusion in Growing Children .- Outcomes in Children with Early Onset Scoliosis.- Current Basic Science Research in Growth Modulation and Future Outlook.- Spinal External Fixation .- Growth Guided Instrumentation.- Hybrid Distraction-Based Growing Rods.